A Book Review on Martin Jacques’ When China Rules the World

A Book Review On Martin Jacques’ When China Rules the World By Abhinav Pathak â€Å"The underlying argument of the book is that China's impact on the world will be as great as that of the United States over the last century, probably far greater†¦. China, with continuing economic growth (albeit at a reduced rate) is destined to become one of the two major global powers and ultimately the major global power†- Martin JacquesMartin Jacques' above statement is a bold one, but shouldn’t come much of a surprise as Goldman Sachs gave such conclusions credibility in 2007 when it concluded that China would surpass U. S. GDP in 2027, and double it by 2050. I believe that Jacques, in a serious and comprehensive analysis, puts modern-day China into a long historic context and explores contemporary (and possible future) relations between a resurgent China and other East Asian states, the United States, and other parts of the world. The book is split into two parts, The E nd of the Western World and the Age of China.The Age of China section is much better than the End of the Western World. It gives the reader a background of China in relatively decent depth. It describes biases and history. It describes issues like racism; the repercussions of Confucianism are described in depth. A lot of the statistics seem to be from earlier in the decade suggesting this book was written over a long period of time but only recently completed. That being said, the main forms of argument of this section and the book, are images, not real facts.Chinese proverbs are used as evidence of the perspective, which I think is very ineffective, as for each one which supports a point, one can find another proverb which offers a different perspective. The Rise of China is an incredibly important and seemingly irreversible process, this could have been a great opportunity to back up claims with case evidence, but that was really not done in any convincing fashion. The author ofte n makes hyperbolized points, which within a paragraph become qualified with a much more balanced perspective.An example is the description of China and democracy. China it is claimed has no need for democracy and there is no reason to expect it, based on their historical citizens arrangement with government, and the fact that the people are not demanding it today (there are several times when it is stated that the Chinese need 8-9% growth as not to cause civil unrest implicitly stating that it is the growth that excuses the lack of demand for political rights and that citizens are willing to forgive political rights for economic growth)†¦Most people who make convincing arguments about China and democracy make the claim that democracy in China will follow from socio-economic development. When people move to the point from having to worry about subsistence to worrying about their leisure time, their priorities of governance chance. The allusions to history are just not convincing arguments, they can be dismissed as contextual and the authors own description of growth needed to prevent civil unrest makes the same point as stated above.The author sure knows this, so after making a claim which is not backed up, qualifies it by saying, it probably will democratize, but not the way you expect. Well, I don’t know what that means. Points like this should be argued with case studies, look at the political associations and power that the well off have vs. the poor, look at how those have changed. If there has been no change in political ideals of a person/group as their socio-economic condition has changed, make a point.Unfortunately the book does not take this approach, it looks to the past when the world was little changing in a relative context to today, and makes inferences. To quote Park Chung Hee from Korea which also took a state centered followed by democracy approach – â€Å"In human life, economics precedes politics and culture. † If o ne is going to dispute this, one should be doing it with cases not words with any evidence. However, there are many illustrations that Jacques, the author, gives us to back his claim of the Chinese domination.Since the economic reforms launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 (just two years after the death of Mao), the Chinese economy has been growing at an average rate of 9. 5% a year which represents a doubling in size every seven years. Jacques comments: â€Å"Given its scale and speed, China's economic transformation is surely the most extraordinary in human history†¦ The country has borne witness to the greatest poverty reduction programme ever seen†.He further observes that the most important single characteristic of China is its unity. It has been relatively unified for over two millennia, attaches compelling priority to the maintenance of this unity, and is not prepared to compromise on the sovereignty – as opposed to the forms of governance – of Tibet or Xinjiang or the ‘lost territories' of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Jacques argues that â€Å"the Chinese have a pathological fear of division and instability†.China will become modern not by simply replicating the established modernity of Europe and North America, but by creating its own distinctive modernity in what will become a world of what he calls †contested modernity†. In many respects, the coming global supremacy of China is seen by the Chinese themselves as simply re-establishing the natural order of things, since they have always seen Chinese civilization as the greatest in the world and the ‘century of humiliation' (1850-1950), involving the ‘unequal treaties', colonialism and occupation, is regarded as an aberration which is now being corrected.This sense of superiority is underlined by a specifically racial view of the Chinese in which the Han Chinese, who comprise 92% of the total population, are seen as a single race and even the 100M non-Han are described as different nationalities rather than races. Indeed there is a view in some quarters than the origins of the Chinese are discrete and unconnected with that of other branches of humankind. All of these form the main themes of the book, â€Å"When China Rules the World† and it does sound that the 21st century will witness a paradigm shift in the centre of world power and influence.I do have couple of criticisms though. I feel the author is inconsistent at times and does not draw conclusions based on the evidence he presents rather than the feelings that he has about the subject. It often seems like the author is describing a zero-sum world, China moving up is the west moving down. The West has started growing again, given there are major issues still being worked through (though the author says the West is in a depression†¦ ) and there is a title called the end of the Western world. In my opinion if he US manages to grow, then that doesn’ t mark the end of the western world. As long as the quality of life per person is greater than in China or wherever, it is a model for something right? Otherwise one should just join the country with the greatest number of citizens. The end of strict western hegemony seems inevitable, but the west is a model for something as again, it has the highest living standards in the world. If china doesn’t dominate the US GDP that would be a tragedy, it has 5 times the people†¦This balance of power perspective is what drives a lot of the commentary. It is an important perspective and it would be naive to dismiss it, but as long as the model for economic growth is yielding good results, it is a valuable model for how a society should run. One cannot compare China and the US/Western Europe. They are not anywhere close on a GDP per capita. The rise of Chinese nationalism is very much a result of the great things China is achieving and the desire to be a part of it and to show the wo rld what the Chinese are capable of.It is not a we are better, any average Chinese citizen would with a high degree of confidence switch place with a US citizen of Chinese origin- as long as that is the case, we haven’t seen the end of the west. That phenomenon will be around for a long time and the end of that situation isn’t even contemplated in this book, the more defining data point to the author is, when china’s GDP will exceed the US. So as not to bore people, the book gives good history, discusses central aspects of Chinese culture that aren’t prevalent in the west, and discusses how they might manifest themselves on a global scale.That perspective is an important one, as the strategic power of China grows, so will its use of influence and it is important to understand the context of its perspectives. Another criticism that I have is that he not infrequently darts backwards and forwards in time. Perhaps this is unavoidable and I might not have been better pleased with a strict chronological account which would necessarily have hopped about between geography, military and economical viewpoints. In conclusion, I believe that China will change the world.However, the future is seen here mainly through the prism of a somewhat overstated China-centric historical determinism. The clamor of conflicting voices within China, with their potential to shape coming events, is barely considered. A more symbiotic development – that of China reaching an accommodation with the world in mutual self interest – is played down. China is locked into global systems that it will be difficult to fully extricate itself from – or replace – and which will mitigate its actions.Jacques himself convinced me that China’s rise is not a new paradigm but one of many burgeoning hybrids of existing modernity which will be eventually assimilated, albeit at great cost to Western global dominance. This book is a valuable addition t o an important debate. But at times the author stares so long and hard at China’s history that he seems to develop tunnel vision. Surely China’s past, although important, will not shape the global future in the overwhelming way that Jacques clearly believes that it will!

Aftermath – creative writing

BANG! I woke. I opened my eyes but was unable to see. The dust had settled like concrete boulders into the corners of my eyes! Everything was deadly still. The wind fiercely gave a shout. A black cloud stood dominating the demolished town. I moved my hands to wipe my irritated eyes, boulders, brickwork, broken furniture and complete devastation stood before me. A ray of light appeared through cracks of the rubble. The boulders took on features like monsters and ogres – making my chest tighten with fear. I vociferated for help. No one was around. I was scared: Petrified. I managed to pull my achy bones out from the debris, the pain was horrific. I could feel the cold misty wind stroke my face. In the far distance I could hear low voices that became louder and louder: hysterical screams. I attempted to crawl my way towards the noise – in hope for help. Shards of glass dug into the palms of my hands. Warm blood trickled down my knees, my throat tightened with the dirty dense dust. I could taste the fear. Behind me I heard a crackle. I turned. The flames of fire danced before my eyes. The heat scorched my face like the hottest sauna could. The smoke was a ferocious lion ready to pounce. I moved as quickly as I could, using all the energy I had. Slowly crawling like a young baby. I felt hopeless: disconsolate! The further I crawled the louder the low voices became. It was a horrendous atmosphere! The town had become a tragedy! Buildings around me had collapsed surrounded with sneaky smoke, brickwork and furniture were slowly burning away, the air was thick full of unknown flumes, why wasn't anyone around? What had happened? No building stood tall, burnt out office work scattered the debris, ashes and litter played in the wind. My body filled with just one emotion: anxiety. Cars around me were smashed and strangled with fire. I watched in dismay. Crashing noises appeared. Brickwork collapsed- followed with a speechless smash. More rubble fell with bold broken bang! Screaming voices emerged. I crawled towards the screams. I was able to hear sirens wailing in the faint distance carried by the wind. I began to see flashing lights though the dark debris. There was only one word to describe it: hope. Suddenly I glimpsed with the squint of the eye. The site of panicked people was ahead of me. My heart skipped a beat. I shouted, â€Å"Hello, can you hear me†. No one replied. â€Å"Can you hear me?† I screamed. I waited. I listened. A young lady ran over to me. â€Å"Its okay, you're safe now,† announced the lady. â€Å"What's happened? What's happened?† I repeated. She didn't answer. She grabbed my arm and wrapped it round her neck giving me support. We approached the flashing lights. Countless amounts of ambulances and fire engines appeared. Hundreds of people were gathered staring at the ruined town. Many people were hysterically screaming and crying. Dead bodies were covered with white cloths. I became speechless. Tears ran down my face. â€Å"Its over, you survived†, quietly explained the young lady. I took a big breath. I closed my eyes. I thought. One word repeated through my head: lucky.

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Awareness of safety aspects Essay Example for Free

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The strengths and weaknesses of relativist views of ethics Essay Example for Free

The strengths and weaknesses of relativist views of ethics Essay A. How might a moral relativist respond to the claim that people should always tell the truth? B. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of relativist views of ethics. (A) To tell the truth is morally right, but telling a lie can also be morally right. Can the contradictions both be justified if the motive is love? Can we lie if the intention is love, or by always telling the truth are we better people? Some relativists claim that as long as the intention is love, then an action is morally right. In a relationship, when the crucial moment arrives and your partner turns to you and says, Do you love me?, how best do you respond? Morally, can you justify lying to someone about love? The law of love says that you can not refrain from action. If refrain denies you from following a certain course, then can lying be accepted? Dependant upon whether you do love the person or not, the best approach to take will be a matter of your personal opinion and beliefs. Fletcher would deal with a situation relative to love. Relativism, relativizes the absolute, it does not absolutize the relative. If the absolute is such that, you should tell the truth because it is the loving thing to do, then relativism would say that, maybe saying Yes, I do love you, may be justifiable, but it may also cause the most pain in the long run. This relativist approach is held by consequentalists. The pain of turning to someone and saying, No, I dont love you, may be initially hurtful, but it is done to bring about the best long-term result. A deontological approach would differ with this, and impart a belief that your answer would come from a pre-determined set of rules that you chose to live your life by. Here, there is no intention of harming or pleasing someone, as the consequences of your response would not factor into it. When responding to a situation, who has the right to justify whether the action was morally right? Is justification dependant upon love, motive, intention or belief? Where does love factor into a situation? If love is the determining factor behind a lie, is it therefore justified? Situation ethicists would say that love decides which actions are morally right. The circumstances of which an act is executed, decides upon the moral justification. Responsibility appears to widen as the choice of outcome increases. By telling a lie, you therefore have to accept full responsibility for its consequences. Will this widening of freedoms be a problem in a society where we are all of different moral standing? The truth of the matter is that maybe there may be some people within society who do not conform to the same moral standards set down by their community. When making important moral decisions (some may classify lying as one such example), is it not important to be fully qualified? Some may argue that those who are morally uneducated are not competent of making important decisions, and therefore this widening freedom, is potentially a road to moral disaster. Lies are justifiable, as conception of morality and social ethics are distorted. Perception of truth is also an underlying factor for discussion. The ability to rationalise situations depends upon intellect and up-bringing. Most situations can be rationalised as morally right, (if youre of the belief of subjectivism everyone has the right to their own moral beliefs), as long as a person is of a high enough intellect. Lying can equally be justified by those who are of low and of high intellect, as a full understanding and comprehension of the consequences and detriment of certain actions is understood on different levels. Those who have greater understanding may therefore see the lie as morally wrong. This would be due to the fact that they have a different insight into the situation. Different people have different views upon moral attitudes, and most believe theyre more than entitled to their opinion. Cultures will rationalise situations with different theories and attitudes, and as a result of this, lying in one culture can be morally right, whereas in another it will be morally wrong. Society will nurture people into certain beliefs and understandings, and consequently the moral justification surrounding lies will always differ from society to society. (B) Living in the modern world, we are lead to believe that social tolerance is a norm. It would be nice for this to be the reality; however, we all know it is an unachievable dream. The subjectivist creates a lifestyle which everyone aspires to but society denies us of. The idea that you have the ability to think, understand and believe whatever you would like to, would be nice, the practicality of it unfortunately, is that this type of thinking would only bring about conflict within humanity. No level-ground would exist. With everyone of the opinion that they were right, would we not be on our way to creating an argumentative generation who are not capable of compromise? The theory is good, but the practise should never be tried if we want our world to stay relatively civilised. If society should be made to conform, then why are we not living in a land where our lives are shaped by rules and regulations? Absolutists would relish the day that humans are made to toe the line. Conflict and difference within the world, would not occur as everyone would be living within the same rules, and therefore there would be no room for discrepancies. The diversity between societies creates an environment in which tolerance is needed to overcome conflict. By establishing a theory which allows a plural approach to situations, it can be understood that we are encouraging a greater respect and appreciation of the differences between cultures. This conventionalist approach rejects ethnocentricity, but accepts, like subjectivism, certain ideas like Hitlers genocide. How can an approach such as this be received as acceptable within the civilised world? Other controversial questions are raised by this point of view, e.g. How can we remain neutral in response to situations which one culture accepts to be morally right, and another deems morally wrong? This question would never arise if an absolutist approach was imposed upon the world. The principle that there is one set of moral truths to be followed by everyone, independent of religion or culture, can also be believed to be the will of God. His omnipotence means that his law is the only law. The other philosophy is that of Jesus claim, that love is the greatest charge, and therefore there is leeway, as far as love is the driving factor. On the reverse, situation ethics would argue, that ethical rules are very often minor; the individual situation should be individually evaluated. Maybe love is the greatest factor, but this is highly disputed between the theorists. The love theory: Im sure many people would like to believe that if the motive, intention or even the outcome is love, then lying is morally acceptable, but for many the truth may not be so clear cut. Once again, the idea is good in theory, but the practice may not be so realistic. Telling the absolute truth to everyone you meet seems like an ideal way to live; never having to cover up lies with more lies. Minimally distorting the truth, (white lies), is an excepted custom these days. Lying is an accepted way of life for two fundamental reasons: 1. To provide gain and 2. To avoid pain. However, the problem facing people today is the fact that lies are easily exposed by our body language, and most peoples natural feeling of guilt. So, are we really gaining or avoiding anything, if the truth is bound to surface sooner or later? Truth be told, the world may be a better place if the world was to be lie less, but we may all believing in a perpetual land of unhappiness. At present however, it seems that most people are happy to live in an oblivious state; a happy state, even if they are living a lie.

The Capital Structure choice of Pepsico

The Capital Structure choice of Pepsico The collection of securities that the firm issues to raise capital from investors is the firms capital structure. Equity and debt are the most commonly used securities by firms. The amount of debt determines the firms leverage. The firm should always use a capital structure which will maximize the total value of the securities issued. In order to determine the capital structure of a firm, It is also necessary to determine the different ratios such as net debt ratio, fixed coverage ratio, interest ratio, long term debt ratio, cash flow ratio, etc, to evaluate the effects of the ratios on the on the firm. These ratios are useful for comparing analyzing with other competitor firms. Ratios help the firm to determine their position in terms of the market value, book value, market capitalization, debt value, revenues, etc. The  Modigliani-Miller theorem states that, the firms value is unaffected by the way it is financed in the absence of taxes, bankruptcy costs and asymmetric information in a perfect market.  It does not matter if the firms capital is raised by issuing  stock  or by selling debt. It does not matter what the firms  dividend  policy is. Therefore, the Modigliani-Miller theorem is also often called the  capital structure irrelevance principle. We will look at this theory in detail in capital structure. In this report we look at the different theories (pecking order theory, trade-off theory, asset substitution theory, modigliani-miller theory) capital structure choice of PepsiCo by determining various ratios, comparing PepsiCo with its competitors. Analysis of the results and recommendations provided. INTRODUCTION Pepsi was originally named as Brads Drink, after its creator, Caleb Bradham, a pharmacist from New Bern, North Carolina. Pepsi was created in 1893 and was later renamed as Pepsi Cola in 1898. Pepsi contained the digestive enzymes pepsin and kola nuts used in manufacturing Pepsi. Bradham had thought about creating a drink for people that was delicious and would help in digestion and boost energy. PepsiCo Inc. is an American Multinational Corporation headquartered in New York. The company manufactures markets sells a range of salty sweet grain based snacks. It also produces carbonated non-carbonated beverages and other food products. PepsiCo has approximately 285,000 employees working in over 200 countries. Pepsi Cola Company began in 1898, but it only became known as PepsiCo when it merged with Frito Lays in 1965. Until 1997 it also owned KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell. In 1998 2001 PepsiCo bought Tropicana Quaker Oats. In 2005 PepsiCo surpassed Coca-Cola Company in market value for the first time in 112 years since both companies began to compete. Over the years PepsiCo has become a global beverage, snack foods company. PepsiCo owns 5 different billion dollar brands such as Pepsi, Tropicana, Frito Lay, Quaker Oats Gatorade. PepsiCo also owns other brands such as Diet Pepsi, 7UP, Mirinda, Ruffles Potato Chips, Aquafina Bottled Water, Pepsi Max, Mountain Dew, etc. Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi has been the chief executive of PepsiCo since 2006. PepsiCo delivered some solid financial performance in 2009, Its Net revenue grew by 5%, Core division operating profit grew by 6%, Core earnings per share grew by 6%, Management operating cash flow excluding certain items reached $5.6 billion up by 16%, Annual Dividend raised by 6%. PepsiCo estimated worldwide retail sales of $108 billion through all the products. In 2009 PepsiCos Net Revenue was $43,232 million, mixed net revenues of 37% from food products and 63% from beverages. Net Revenues generated according to operations in US and outside US are 52% in US and 48% outside US. Net Revenues generated through PepsiCo and its subsidiary companies are 48% by PepsiCo Americas Foods, 23% by PepsiCo Americas Beverages, 29% by PepsiCo International. 2.1 PepsiCos Strategies for driving growth Expand the Global Leadership Position of Snacks Business Ensure sustainable profitable growth in global beverages. Continue to deliver environmental sustainability goals and commitments. Cherish associates and develop the leadership to sustain growth. 2.2 PepsiCos Competitive Advantage Strengths PepsiCos competitive advantage lies in their talented, dedicated and hard working work-force, that work on its huge brands, innovating producing differentiated products, using excellent marketing methodologies. PepsiCo also uses cost saving initiatives in operations. All these factors help them to sustain a competitive advantage in the market. PepsiCos strength lies in its brand name recognized all over the world, huge range of food and beverage products, marketing style in different regions according to the place culture segmentation, and huge marketing budget. CAPITAL STRUCTURE The most fundamental question of corporate finance is how a firm should raise capital from investors. A firm must determine the type of security it will issue to the investors. Capital structure refers to the way a firm finances its assets through some combination of equity, debt, or other securities. There are different theories to determine the capital structure of the company. (3.1) Pecking Order Theory (developed by Stewart Myers, 1984) states that the firms have a preferred structure for financing; the factor with a high preference uses internal financing such as retained earnings before opting for any external financing. External financing uses debts, convertible securities, preferred stock common stock. So the firm first uses its retained earnings for operations or investments or expansions and then if required they can opt for external financial resources. (3.2) Trade-Off Theory states that the firms are financed partly with equity and partly with debt. Debt financing is preferred here due to the tax benefits of debt. Debt financing also bears bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy costs. Further according to the theory marginal cost of the debts increases as the debt increases and marginal benefits decline as the debt decreases. (3.3) Agency Cost Theory states that there are 3 different agency costs related to a firms capital structure, they are asset substitution, cash flow underinvestment. Asset Substitution states that as the debt to equity ratio increases the firm gets more freedom to invest in new projects, this leads to the decline in the value of the firm which results into wealth being transferred from debt holders to shareholders. Underinvestment problems occur when debt appears to be more risky, in this scenario of the firm the returns from the investment in projects will be directed towards the debt holders rather than the shareholders. This may lead to the firm declining to start any new projects, and there is a potential to increase the firms value. Free Cash Flow states that free cash flow is also a problem for the firm if the cash is not returned to the investors. Doing so will disrupt the value of the firm. (3.4) Modigliani-Miller Theory (developed by Merton Miller Franco Modigliani) states that it is assumed that there are no transaction costs, no taxes and there is a perfect market condition. They also stated that the value of a firm is determined by adding up all the debts and equity of the firm. This can be viewed through an example Firm A Firm B Debt value 0 2,500,000 Interest on debt 0 5% Expenses on debt 0 125,000 Share 1,000,000 500,000 Price per share 5 5 Market value of equity 5,000,000 2,500,000 From the above table we can see the market value of Firm A is 5million (only equity), Firm A is only financed by shares, therefore the value of Firm A is 5million. Market value of Firm B is 5million (equity + debt), 50% financed by shares and 50% by debt, but Firm B has to pay interest on the debts which is 5% of the debt value which is 125,000. Therefore the returns on equity for Firm B will be its earnings minus the value of interest on debts. Returns per share for Firm B will be returns on equity divided by earnings. If Firm B would have sold its stock at a premium rate then it could have made arbitrage profits. Modigliani Miller theory states that the value of a firm in a perfect market is not affected by the way the company is financed but it is affected through the sort of capital structure the firm utilizes. PEPSICOS NET DEBT RATIO Debt ratio that indicates the proportion of debt a company has relative to its assets. The measure gives an idea to the leverage of the company along with the potential  risks  the company faces in terms of its debts. If debt ratio is higher than 1 then the firm has more debt than assets, if debt ratio is less than 1 then the firm has more assets than debts. The formula for calculating debt ratio is, Debt Ratio = total debt / total assets. Debt Ratio helps to measure the risk a bank or financial institution will take if they are financing a firm. Net Debt is the measure of a firms overall debt by taking the net value of debts and cash. Net Debt is calculated as, Net Debt = (long term debt + short term debt) cash cash equivalents. According to PepsiCo, they measure net debt ratio on market-value basis where net debt equals total debt. PepsiCos Net Debt Ratio (L*) = (D + PVOL CMS) / (NP + D + PVOL CMS). D is the market value of total debt (long term debt plus short term debt), PVOL is the present value of operating leases, CMS is the cash marketable securities, N is the number of common shares, P is the common stock price. From the assignment referring to exhibit 2 exhibit 4, all values in millions dollars except for the common stock price, D = 9215, PVOL = 479 * 5 = 2395, CMS = 1498 and reduce it by 25% for remitting to US therefore CMS = 1123.5, N = 788, P = 55.875. L *= [(9215+2395) 1123.5] / [((788*55.875)+9215+2395) 1123.5] L* = 19.2 % (PepsiCos Net Debt Ratio is 19.2%). Now to analyze this we can ask some questions as how much debt really exists? If we consider exhibit 2 in the assignment there are other factors like accounts payable, short term debt other current liabilities which constitute of total current liabilities plus long term debt other liabilities, all this together shows that the total liabilities are 18,119million dollars, which is a bit high according to the market situation. That is why this shows the Moodys rating of PepsiCo is A1/A. PepsiCo will have to reduce their liabilities in order to gain a rating of Aa3/AA of Coca-Cola. What kind of debt is it, long term or short term? Firstly let us talk about short term debt, if we talk about short term debts then we can assume it can be included in current debts, so according to the balance sheet in exhibit 2, total current liability is 5230million dollars, while total long term liability is 12889million dollars, so the total long term debt is very high compared to total current liabilities. PepsiCo will have to reduce its long term debts more effectively in order to increase its ratings and also increase its assets. Can the company afford the debts if  it runs into financial trouble? Let us calculate the debt ratio as explained above in the beginning, Debt ratio = total debt / total assets (both values are in million dollars) = 18119 / 25432 = 0.71. If the debt ratio is less than 1 it means that the firm has more assets than debts. So PepsiCo can afford to be debt financed at a certain level. Looking at the current assets if the company runs into financial trouble then it can clear all its debts by selling off its assets. RATIO COMPARISON ANALYSIS Table of calculated ratios referring to values given in exhibit 5 in assignment, RATIOS PEPSICO CADBURY SCHWEPPES COCA COLA COCA COLA ENTERPRISES MCDONALDS INTEREST COVERAGE 4.565 4.896 16.911 1.444 7.379 FIXED CHARGE COVERAGE 3.094 4.287 16.911 1.406 3.588 LONG-TERM DEBT 0.165 0.090 0.011 0.517 0.112 TOTAL DEBT TO TOTAL ADJUSTED CAPITALIZATION 0.176 0.146 0.016 0.521 0.125 CASH FLOW TO LONG TERM DEBT 0.427 0.569 2.730 0.155 0.539 CASH FLOW TO TOTAL DEBT 0.395 0.330 1.839 0.153 0.474 Lets look at each ratio one by one in detail and analyze it. (5.1) Interest coverage ratio is used to calculate the firms ability to pay interest on the debts. If the ratio is low the firm has huge debt expenses. If the ratio is less than 1 then it means that the firm is unable to generate revenues to incur the interest expenses. Interest coverage ratio = earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) / interest expense. According to the table above, we can see that interest coverage ratio of PepsiCo is 4.565 which is very higher than 1 and is considered as good. Comparing it with other companies in the table, we can see that Coco Cola has the highest ratio of 16.911 which is very impressive, but Coca Cola Enterprises has a ratio of 1.44 which is a caution alarm for its investors. To be on a safer side if the ratio is 1.5 or less then firms ability to meet its interest expenses can be questionable i.e. the is not able to generate sufficient returns to meet the interest expenses. (5.2) Fixed charge coverage ratio is used to calculate the firms ability to pay its fixed-charges such as rent and interest on debt without increasing the debts. If the ratio is less than 1 then the firm is not able to pay its fixed charges and vice versa. Fixed-charge coverage ratio = (EBIT  + fixed charges before tax) / (fixed charged before tax +  interest). According to the table above, we can see that PepsiCos fixed charge coverage ratio is 3.094 which is greater than 1. Comparing it with other companies in the table, Coca Cola has the highest ratio of 16.911 which is very impressive, but for Coca Cola Enterprises is 1.406 which is very less. PepsiCo should decrease its debts in order to reduce its fixed charges which will help to increase the value of the ratio. (5.3) Long term debt ratio is used to calculate the firms leverage. Higher the ratio, higher is the firms leverage. Firm with a high ratio is considered more risky for investors to invest because they have more liabilities than equity and vice versa. Long term debt ratio = long term debt / (long term debt + preferred stock + common stock). According to the table above, PepsiCos long term debt ratio is 0.165 which is less. Comparing to other companies in the table, Coca cola has a ratio of 0.011 which shows that it has more equity than liability, but Coca Cola Enterprises has a ratio of 0.517 which shows that it has almost 50% equity and 50% liability, so investing in Coca Cola Enterprises is more risky. (5.4) Total debt to total adjusted capitalisation ratio is used to calculate the firms leverage which includes long term and short term debts. Total debt to total adjusted capitalisation ratio = (long-term debt + short term debt) / [(long-term debt + short term debt) + preferred stock + common stock]. According to the table above, PepsiCos total debt to total adjusted capitalisation ratio is 0.176. Comparing to other companies in the table, Coca Cola has a ratio of 0.016 which shows it has more equity than liability, but Coco Cola Enterprises has a ratio of 0.521 which is again very risky. (5.5) Ratio of cash flow to long term debt is used to calculate the firms ability to generate cash in comparison with the long term debts. Ratio of cash flow to long term debt = cash flow / long term debt. According to the table above, PepsiCos ratio of cash flow to long term debt is 0.427 which is not good enough. Comparing it with other companies, Coca Colas ratio of cash flow to long term debt is 2.730, which is very impressive. PepsiCo has more long term debts than its annual cash flow while Coca Colas annual cash flow is 3 times the value of its long term debt. Firms with a high cash flow after interest and taxes are in a better position to distribute cash dividends. Firm with high cash flow can also use the cash to invest in other projects, buy assets, reduce debts etc. (5.6) Ratio of cash flow to total debt is used to calculate the firms ability to generate cash in comparison with its total debts. Ratio of cash flow to total debt = cash flow / total debt. According to the table above, PepsiCos ratio of cash flow to total debt is 0.395. Comparing it with other companies, Coca Colas ratio of cash flow to total debt is 1.839 which is very good. PepsiCos total debt is more than twice the value of its annual cash flow while Coca Colas annual cash flow is 2 times the value of its total debt. After considering all the ratios in the table, we can say that PepsiCo needs to reduce its debts by a huge margin and generate more cash so that it can use this cash to pay out more dividends to its investors, increase equity and reduce liability, invest in more products, buy assets, etc. Coca Cola is the largest competitor of PepsiCo, so PepsiCo needs to improve its equity in order to compete more effectively with Coca Cola. If company has less debts and liabilities people will invest more which will provide PepsiCo with a good rating as Coca Cola. PepsiCo can easily borrow money from the market for investments and also it can easily pay it back. Even in financial or economic crisis it will be the least affected company. Capital structure of PepsiCo has debt and equity. According to the net debt ratio we can say PepsiCo has about 20% 25% debt and 75% 80% equity. PEPSICOS RATING OBJECTIVE Ratings are given to companies depending on various factors such as its debt value, equity value, sources of finance, stock price, number of shares, profits, dividends, etc. Moody rated A as upper-medium grade, subject to low credit risk,  but that have elements present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment over the long term. PepsiCo has a rating of A1/A which places it in the upper medium grade category. A1 is the high quality rating given to PepsiCo, Aaa is the highest rating available. Coca Colas rating is Aa3/AA shows that it has much better ratings then PepsiCo. If PepsiCo wants to have a net debt ratio of 20% 25% then it will have to increase its debts and reduce equity, if this happens the Corporate Debt Rating of PepsiCo might fall to Baa which is lower medium grade. This will show a bad image of the company in the market, investors will find it risky to invest in PepsiCo. This means people will not buy shares of PepsiCo and it will not be able to raise funds through the issue of share to decrease its debts or to invest in the business. As a result of which they will have to borrow from the banks, Banks would also lend them funds to a certain limit where their assets are equal to liabilities, Banks would like to make sure that PepsiCo are able to pay back the funds with interest before lending them the funds. PepsiCo should reduce their net debt ratio to at least 15% instead of increasing it, due to this they will have more cash flow, reduced debts, can easily pay back dividends to investors, they can easily raise funds through issue of shares instead of borrowing from banks or other financial institutions. This will overall help PepsiCo to increase its ratings from A to Aa. CONCLUSION

Observations at the Park Essay -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Essay

Observations at the Park A cigarette butt lies next to my foot, still emitting a trace of smoke. Nearby on the dusty asphalt a pigeon waddles self-consciously, bobbing its head as if pecking the air for some invisible food. A squirrel churrs a threat to his brother, challenging him to romp. The walkway before me never becomes silent. A buzz of voices blends with the city soundscape of cars driving and trucks backing, swingsets squealing and sparrows chirping. A toddler, holding tightly to his sister's stroller, yells "Achtung! Achtung! Achtung!" at a squirrel that crosses two inches from his foot. His mother comforts him, in German. A man sits down on the bench across from me, eyelids dropping on his creased red face as he stirs his cup of coffee. The bench I sit on is green, painted over years of dents and names scratched in wood. My backpack sits to my left with its main zipper opened just wide enough for me to extract my notebook and pen. At my right is my suitcase. Its pockets are crammed full like the subway this morning, barely room left to breathe, creaking and comp...

The Evil Iago of Othello Essay -- William Shakespeare, Character Analy

Evil masterminds are always successful in their diabolical schemes, but each one does it in their own special way. Some may be highly ranked and powerful, but some may be simple people in a simple community. In the play Othello, the simple ancient, Iago is very successful at his schemes. Iago is able to get the trust of everyone around him, and to appear honest. He is also driven to continue with his schemes and to never quite. From the first scene of the play to the last, Iago is able to be trusted by everyone. This is one of the many reasons why Iago is so successful in his schemes, he is always trusted. In the first scene of the play we learn that Iago is helping Roderigo, win the love of Desdemona. Roderigo is trusting Iago with his own money to gain the love of a woman, which is already loved by another man. Roderigo is not so smart to realize that he will not be able to get Desdemona, but Iago is able to get his scheme moving. We continue to see how much trust Roderigo puts into Iago because later on in the play we learn that he gave jewelry to Iago to give to Desdemona. Iago...

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ( PMDD ) Essay -- Biology Essays Resea

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ( PMDD ) Everyone experiences some unhappiness in his or her lifetime whether it is a specific situation or not. It becomes more serious when the cause is a form of "depression." It is a fact that women experience depression about twice as much as men (1). These causes specifically for women can be complex and so are the solutions (3). A common syndrome affecting an estimated 3% to 8% of women in their reproductive years is called Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) (4). PMDD is specifically known as a mood disorder of severe depression, irritability, and tension with symptoms worsening a week or so before a woman's menstrual period and usually settling out afterwards (5). PMDD can be devastating to all areas of a woman's everyday life, including family relationships, friendships, and the ability to work or go to school (3). Many people still believe that the emotional symptoms caused by PMDD are not real, and that a woman should be able to shake off the symptoms if only she tried hard enough. Because of these inaccurate beliefs, women with this depression either may not recognize that they have a treatable disorder or may be discouraged from seeking or staying on treatment. Often, women's concerns regarding their condition are not taken seriously which leads to feelings of self-doubt, frustration and hopelessness (6). Feeling sad or stressed during a menstrual period doesn't necessarily mean a woman is suffering from PMDD. This is a common assumption made by women who are confused about their emotional state. As a female suffering from PMS monthly, I can admit that PMDD has become questionable in my mind. There have been many times that I have suffered anything from constant tiredne... ...uffering so women can continue to live prosperous and fulfilling lives without the burden of PMDD's awful symptoms. Sources 1) Did you know? Depression, http://www.depression-net.com/dep.html 2) Information and Treatment for Depression, http://www.psychologyinfo.com/depression/index.html 3) Women and Depressive Episodes, http://www.womens-health.com/health_center/mental/depress_pms.html 4) Recognizing the range of mood disorders in Women, http://mentalhelp.net/articles/women.htm 5) Health Advice For Women, http://health.indiahit.com/ 6) Quick Self-Test, http://www.womens-health.com/health_center/mental/depress_pms.html 7) Symptoms and Treatment for PMDD, http://my.webmd.com/content/article/39/1663_52557 8) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/www.dr-bob.org/babble/20010221/msgs/55293.html

Blood and Thunder: Indians and Manifest Destiny

Perhaps the most striking part of Blood and Thunder is the famed and fabled Kit Carson himself. He begins the book as a duty-driven youth who is able to kill anyone or anything without a sense of remorse, likely because of his experiences with the harshness of life as a child. However, once he begins to have a family—a real family, one he raises and takes care of and looks after—he begins to shift. Carson begins to balk at some killings, even going so far as to decry the killing of indian warriors at Carleton’s order. Whether it was the need to take care of his family or the need to find peace in the face of his increasingly failing healthy, Carson provides a look at the changes a man can undergo over the course of his life. He starts as one man, filled with certain ideals and desires, and over the course of his life, his goals and priorities shift. His sense of duty that was instilled in him from his childhood days fails him in his older age, leading him to increasingly attempt to leave behind the front lines and seek solace at home. This shift in character seems odd when the book is merely skimmed; however, the book structures Carson’s life in a way that provides clear understanding of the changes. This was not an abrupt shift, nor was it a conscious one. This change, rather, came as a result of the overall human need to adjust, to shift with the changes that life presented. This change makes Carson truly feel like a â€Å"real person,† someone who isn’t merely a character from a book. It makes Carson human, and thus served to catch my attention. The second part of Blood and Thunder that caught my attention was the conflict between the American mentality and the mentality of the Native Americans who already lived in the area. As is noted throughout the book, the Native Americans could not understand the point behind many of the â€Å"white† traditions that men like Carleton tried to impress upon them. The â€Å"white† ways had no resonance with the Native Americans because everything differed between them. The concept of â€Å"ownership† of the land meant nothing to the Native Americans because they saw themselves as stewards, caretakers of the land. The concept of Christianity meant nothing to Native Americans because they came from a rich, diverse, usually polytheistic religion that held nothing that mixed with Christianity. The concept of a single spokesperson for an entire race of Native Americans (i. e. for the entire people [Navajo, Ute, Kiowa, etc. ]) broke the tradition of having spokespeople from many tribes forming a council for the people. This imposition of mentalities on Native Americans caused at least some of the breakdown in communication; however, there were some aspects that the Native Americans chose to learn and accept in order to deal with the white men. Showing their ability for change, the Navajos elect Barboncito, at the end of the book in the epilogue, to serve as their spokesperson to Gen. Sherman. This collaboration between the Navajo need for the separate tribes and the white men’s need for a single person to deal with led to the eloquent plea to Sherman that ended with the Navajo returning to their home lands.

Access Control Models Essay

It is very classic to go by the process of hardening. solidifying is where you change the computer ironware and software configurations to pay computers and devices as take into custody as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . beginning(a) with the worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 building block 1 fulfil Risks/Threats to Solutions NT2580 social unit 1 equalize Risks/Threats to Solutions data Classifications Standards Richman Investments entropy Classification Standards military service Richman Investments to consistently put how this organization should regale and plug away our unlike types of data.This report testament focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for social unit 1 Nt2580 NT2580 building block 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. ViNetwork exercise set Network change social unit 8 Assignment 1 It is very most-valuable to go done the process of hardening. change is where you change the computer ironware and software co nfigurations to necessitate computers and devices as tighten as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . early with the worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 unit of measurement 1 better half Risks/Threats to SolutionsNT2580 whole 1 fellow Risks/Threats to Solutions info Classifications Standards Richman Investments information Classification Standards admirer Richman Investments to consistently get how this organization should shell out and upright our respective(a) types of data. This report depart focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for social unit 1 Nt2580 NT2580 building block 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. colza of a pledge insurance by a drug riding habitr (C) Place an employee on a probation, go over acceptable practice session policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and contend status during writ of execution limited refreshens.2. dissatisfied employee vitiate(I) Track and supervise a Premium372 Words2 Pages unit 3 disc ourse 1 approaching image Models NT2580 unit 3 news 1 entree Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) discretionary find Control. existence that the business is midget and non in need of higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) guarantor measures, it would be the easiest to maintain and proctor for a lessened business. Scenario 2 (MAC) authorisation Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 class-conscious Assignments ? judge Assignments STUDENT replica The undermentioned sections acquit student copies of the assignments.These essential be distributed to students previous to the due dates for the assignments. Online students allow move over entre to these documents in PDF format, which exit be unattached for Premium5288 Words22 Pages unit 3 assignment 1Network readiness Network stage set unit of measurement 8 Assignment 1 It is very grave to go with the process of hardening. indurate is where you change the hardware and software configurations to puff computers and devices as fixate as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . premiere with the worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 social unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to SolutionsNT2580 unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to Solutions information Classifications Standards Richman Investments info Classification Standards assist Richman Investments to consistently circumscribe how this organization should look at and firm our assorted types of data. This report leave behind focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for Unit 1 Nt2580 NT2580 Unit 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. entrancement of a protective covering policy by a substance ab purposer (C) Place an employee on a probation, round off acceptable apply policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and reason status during implementation canvass.2. Disgruntled employee countervail(I) Track and observeing device a Premium372 Words2 Pages Unit 3 treatment 1 nettle Control Models NT2580 Unit 3 w ord of honor 1 gravel Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) discretional nark Control. universe that the business is dinky and not in need of higher auspices measures, it would be the easiest to maintain and remindering device for a subtle business. Scenario 2 (MAC) mandatory Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 graded Assignments ? range Assignments STUDENT feign The following sections rent student copies of the assignments.These essential be distributed to students anterior(prenominal) to the due dates for the assignments. Online students give have gate to these documents in PDF format, which entrust be on tap(predicate) for Premium5288 Words22 Pages Unit 3 assignment 1Network set Network circle Unit 8 Assignment 1 It is very primal to go by the process of hardening. circle is where you change the hardware and software configurations to buzz off computers and devices as secure as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . first of all with t he worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to SolutionsNT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to Solutions Data Classifications Standards Richman Investments Data Classification Standards booster Richman Investments to consistently square up how this organization should conduct and secure our different types of data. This report give focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for Unit 1 Nt2580 NT2580 Unit 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. assault of a hostage policy by a drug substance abuser (C) Place an employee on a probation, review acceptable use policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and dissertate status during exercise reviews.2. Disgruntled employee break(I) Track and monitor a Premium372 Words2 Pages Unit 3 watchword 1 approach shot Control Models NT2580 Unit 3 handling 1 doorway Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) discretionary irritate Control. existence that the business is downcast and not in need of higher tribute measu res, it would be the easiest to maintain and monitor for a atrophied business. Scenario 2 (MAC) compulsory Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 order Assignments ? rank Assignments STUDENT reproduction The following sections give birth student copies of the assignments.These essentialiness be distributed to students preceding to the due dates for the assignments. Online students lead have approach path to these documents in PDF format, which pass on be visible(prenominal) for Premium5288 Words22 Pages Unit 3 assignment 1Network hardening Network readiness Unit 8 Assignment 1 It is very important to go by dint of the process of hardening. band is where you change the hardware and software configurations to make computers and devices as secure as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . jump with the worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to SolutionsNT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to Solutions Data Classifications Standards Rich man Investments Data Classification Standards help Richman Investments to consistently put how this organization should handle and secure our discordant(a) types of data. This report will focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for Unit 1 Nt2580 NT2580 Unit 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. irreverence of a security policy by a user (C) Place an employee on a probation, review acceptable use policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and debate status during effect reviews.2. Disgruntled employee undermine(I) Track and monitor a Premium372 Words2 Pages Unit 3 word of honor 1 entree Control Models NT2580 Unit 3 watchword 1 Access Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) discretional Access Control. organism that the business is scurvy and not in need of higher security measures, it would be the easiest to maintain and monitor for a slender business. Scenario 2 (MAC) mandatory Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 Graded Assignments ? Graded Assignments STUDENT write The follo wing sections take over student copies of the assignments.These must be distributed to students preceding to the due dates for the assignments. Online students will have entrance to these documents in PDF format, which will be available for Premium5288 Words22 Pages Unit 3 assignment 1Network Hardening Network Hardening Unit 8 Assignment 1 It is very important to go by dint of the process of hardening. Hardening is where you change the hardware and software configurations to make computers and devices as secure as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . outset with the worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to SolutionsNT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to Solutions Data Classifications Standards Richman Investments Data Classification Standards help Richman Investments to consistently make how this organization should handle and secure our various types of data. This report will focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for Uni t 1 Nt2580 NT2580 Unit 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. Violation of a security policy by a user (C) Place an employee on a probation, review acceptable use policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and talk over status during performance reviews.2. Disgruntled employee deprave(I) Track and monitor a Premium372 Words2 Pages Unit 3 interchange 1 Access Control Models NT2580 Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) Discretionary Access Control. be that the business is fiddling and not in need of higher security measures, it would be the easiest to maintain and monitor for a small business. Scenario 2 (MAC) Mandatory Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 Graded Assignments ? Graded Assignments STUDENT COPY The following sections pick up student copies of the assignments.These must be distributed to students prior to the due dates for the assignments. Online students will have advance to these documents in PDF format, which will be available for Premium5288 Words22 P ages Unit 3 assignment 1Network Hardening Network Hardening Unit 8 Assignment 1 It is very important to go through the process of hardening. Hardening is where you change the hardware and software configurations to make computers and devices as secure as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . First with the worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to SolutionsNT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to Solutions Data Classifications Standards Richman Investments Data Classification Standards help Richman Investments to consistently define how this organization should handle and secure our various types of data. This report will focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for Unit 1 Nt2580 NT2580 Unit 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. Violation of a security policy by a user (C) Place an employee on a probation, review acceptable use policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and discuss status during performance reviews.2. Disgruntled employee sabotage( I) Track and monitor a Premium372 Words2 Pages Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models NT2580 Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) Discretionary Access Control. Being that the business is small and not in need of higher security measures, it would be the easiest to maintain and monitor for a small business. Scenario 2 (MAC) Mandatory Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 Graded Assignments ? Graded Assignments STUDENT COPY The following sections contain student copies of the assignments.These must be distributed to students prior to the due dates for the assignments. Online students will have access to these documents in PDF format, which will be available for Premium5288 Words22 Pages Unit 3 assignment 1Network Hardening Network Hardening Unit 8 Assignment 1 It is very important to go through the process of hardening. Hardening is where you change the hardware and software configurations to make computers and devices as secure as possible. I picked the n etwork layout 1-the workgroup . First with the worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to SolutionsNT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to Solutions Data Classifications Standards Richman Investments Data Classification Standards help Richman Investments to consistently define how this organization should handle and secure our various types of data. This report will focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for Unit 1 Nt2580 NT2580 Unit 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. Violation of a security policy by a user (C) Place an employee on a probation, review acceptable use policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and discuss status during performance reviews.2. Disgruntled employee sabotage(I) Track and monitor a Premium372 Words2 Pages Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models NT2580 Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) Discretionary Access Control. Being that the business is small and not in need of higher security measures, it wo uld be the easiest to maintain and monitor for a small business. Scenario 2 (MAC) Mandatory Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 Graded Assignments ? Graded Assignments STUDENT COPY The following sections contain student copies of the assignments.These must be distributed to students prior to the due dates for the assignments. Online students will have access to these documents in PDF format, which will be available for Premium5288 Words22 Pages Unit 3 assignment 1Network Hardening Network Hardening Unit 8 Assignment 1 It is very important to go through the process of hardening. Hardening is where you change the hardware and software configurations to make computers and devices as secure as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . First with the worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to SolutionsNT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to Solutions Data Classifications Standards Richman Investments Data Classification Standards help Richman Investments t o consistently define how this organization should handle and secure our various types of data. This report will focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for Unit 1 Nt2580 NT2580 Unit 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. Violation of a security policy by a user (C) Place an employee on a probation, review acceptable use policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and discuss status during performance reviews.2. Disgruntled employee sabotage(I) Track and monitor a Premium372 Words2 Pages Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models NT2580 Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) Discretionary Access Control. Being that the business is small and not in need of higher security measures, it would be the easiest to maintain and monitor for a small business. Scenario 2 (MAC) Mandatory Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 Graded Assignments ? Graded Assignments STUDENT COPY The following sections contain student copies of the assignments.These must be distributed to students prior to the due dates for the assignments. Online students will have access to these documents in PDF format, which will be available for Premium5288 Words22 Pages Unit 3 assignment 1Network Hardening Network Hardening Unit 8 Assignment 1 It is very important to go through the process of hardening. Hardening is where you change the hardware and software configurations to make computers and devices as secure as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . First with the worksta Premium287 Words2 Pages NT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to SolutionsNT2580 Unit 1 Match Risks/Threats to Solutions Data Classifications Standards Richman Investments Data Classification Standards help Richman Investments to consistently define how this organization should handle and secure our various types of data. This report will focus on the Premium789 Words4 Pages Definitions for Unit 1 Nt2580 NT2580 Unit 1Assign 1 Crystal Johnson 1. Violation of a security policy by a user (C) Place an empl oyee on a probation, review acceptable use policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and discuss status during performance reviews. 2.Disgruntled employee sabotage(I) Track and monitor a Premium372 Words2 Pages Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models NT2580 Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) Discretionary Access Control. Being that the business is small and not in need of higher security measures, it would be the easiest to maintain and monitor for a small business. Scenario 2 (MAC) Mandatory Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 Graded Assignments ? Graded Assignments STUDENT COPY The following sections contain student copies of the assignments. These must be distributed to students prior to the due dates for the assignments.Online students will have access to these documents in PDF format, which will be available for Premium5288 Words22 Pages Unit 3 assignment 1olation of a security policy by a user (C) Place an employee on a probation, review acceptable use policy (AUP) and the employee manual, and discuss status during performance reviews. 2. Disgruntled employee sabotage(I) Track and monitor a Premium372 Words2 Pages Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models NT2580 Unit 3 Discussion 1 Access Control Models 10/01/2013 Scenario 1 (DAC) Discretionary Access Control.Being that the business is small and not in need of higher security measures, it would be the easiest to maintain and monitor for a small business. Scenario 2 (MAC) Mandatory Premium286 Words2 Pages NT2580 Graded Assignments ? Graded Assignments STUDENT COPY The following sections contain student copies of the assignments. These must be distributed to students prior to the due dates for the assignments. Online students will have access to these documents in PDF format, which will be available for Premium5288 Words22 Pages

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

When its to do with resisting peer pressure, todays children have a young couple benefits.But you really have to stop and think for a moment. Is what you are knowing doing a complete and true definition of you? Whose life are you really leading?There are two kinds of peer pressure. The Positive kind, and the Negative kind. The positive kind of peer pressure is, being pressured or convinced to do a certain task that you may not have had the confidence to complete or to do yourself.Peer pressure may have an effect.They push for you to have JUST ONE drink. To smoke JUST ONE cigarette†¦. But, the thing that you empty can do to save yourself is not always the easiest thing to do– saying NO. But just saying no may or may not be the end of the problem.

Peer pressure cannot be termed bad.Maybe they control give in because they want to appear grown up. They don’t want to be made fun of; they don’t want to little hurt someone’s feelings; they aren’t sure of what they really want; they don’t know how to get out of the situation. We all good feel it! We all do it! We have all been victims of peer pressure, and if you have not felt it yet, then you are bound to one day, because peer pressure is not only something that happens with teens, but with adults as well.Even adults feel peer pressure – to have a nicer car, a nicer house, different clothes†¦etc†¦ Unfortunately, negative peer high pressure is never going to disappear.Peer pressure, is.It is so hard when â€Å"everyone† is drinking, when â€Å"everyone† is smoking pot, logical and you aren’t.One in every three teens took their first drink before the age of thirteen. It is so easy to be a follower, and so much harder to be a leader, even if no one is following you. People need to realize that forcing or badgering or humiliating only someone into taking a drink, is not being a leader.

Its defined as the impact a group has on an individual.Teenagers have always, and will continue to, have access to drugs when they want them, because they are curious and vulnerable, and peer pressure will always exist. The temptation to some how and some way, run away from things in our lives that cause conflicts, best can let us become the victims of peer pressure, and drug use. Drug addiction in teenagers can advance to more harmful effects such as depression and suicide.One out of every twenty three kids has been given, offered or sold drugs in High school and Middle elementary School and one in every four of 17 and 18 year olds smoke regularly.Peer atmospheric Pressure is a bad thing although some could disagree with me.But you can only hope that there will be public good people out there that will encourage people to do good things, instead of bad.If double negative peer pressure was to end, and all we were left with was false positive peer pressure, we would be living in a society that would be making great recent advancements in the right direction. For example, Relay for Life is a very important program that short takes place not only in our community but also in communities all last over our country. Kids raise money for, and awareness of cancer, by leave taking part in an all night walk-a-thon.

It is.Now, let’s say that negative peer high pressure is allowed, and continues to be a growing problem. Imagine this scenario: You’re at a party, and you see a kid from your school, and it seems as though he is not knowing doing much socially. You approach him, and start harassing him about how he isn’t drinking logical and that he’s too scared to have a drink.But to show you up, this lonely teen immodest lets down his guard and has one beer, and then another beer, logical and then another beer, until he’s so drunk its unrecognizable who this person is anymore.Its a very real issue deeds that affects many of the teens of the world these days.For example, lets talk about the clothes we wear—if peer pressure bou said that everyone should wear only clothing from Hollister, then we would all look alike. Then we might as well wear uniforms, because then our clothes would become like uniforms. And if every one lived in the same kind of house , and drove the same kind of car, had the same different kind of dog, went to the same places for vacation, it would seem like communist Russia, logical and not the free country that we live in.Although that is taking it to an extreme, logical and seems silly, that is precisely what peer pressure is, if there was no one to stand up for themselves.

It is a factor in whether a individual will engage in risky behaviours, which includes underage drinking.Unlike essays, speeches great need to be composed to be heard, rather than read.Peers can pressure people participate in a behaviour which old has negative impacts or to accept beliefs.Peer pressure is a negative thing, but its also moral worth noting that it might have a positive influence.

Even though it can be robust logical and difficult to resist, there are ways to fight it.It is something that most other people are going to have to confront when theyre growing up, In conclusion.Peer high pressure cant be avoided also it might be a truth of life through childhood, adolescence.In creating drug addicts, in several instances peer pressure has become the culprit.

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 5

The succeeding(prenominal) morning, I awoke to s bringing word of honor from Rosalyns servants that her prized tag, Penny, had been attacked. Mrs. Cartw duty summ matchlessd me to her female childfri block offs chambers, precept energy had stop Rosalyn from vociferous. I attempt and true to reli ever so her, beneficial her wracking sobs neer abated.The t reveal ensemble metre, Mrs. Cartw aright un confused gift me pass judg work disembowelt glances, as if I should be doing a break a hu humansnessner craft leftover breakment Rosalyn.Y pass on me, Id utter at genius summit, if provided toou appease her. At that, Rosalyn had flung her fortification approximatelywhat me, blackguarding so expectant into my lift that her tear odd a blotto stigmatise on my waistcoat. I move to be sympathetic, merely when I entangle a poke at of pain in the ass at the mode she was carrying on. later still, Id neer carried on homogeneous that when my m nearly other had died. bugger off hadnt let me.You bring in to be vehement, a fighter, hed give tongue to at the de visible lighteral. And so I was. I didnt weep when, further a workweek subsequently lets death, our nanny, Cordelia, began absently hum the French berceuse female p arnt had unceasingly sung. non when yield took mountain the delineation of Mother that had hung in the await demeanor. non regular(a)ing when Artemis, Mothers positron emission tomography horse, had to be vex brutish.Did you c alone for the dog? Damon quested, as we walked into t letsfolks race unneurotic that dark to wank a crisp at the tap mansion. right off that the dinner party w hither(predicate) I was to publically decl atomic number 18 mavenself to Rosalyn was depend fitted long time a way, we were principal sum tabu for a whisky to save my threatening nuptials. At least, thats what Damon called it, elongating his idiom to a unwavering danceian articulate and wiggling his eyebrows as he state it. I tried to pull a delicateihood as if I horizon it was a long joke, merely if I began speaking, I k unfermented I wouldnt be commensurate-bodied to master clog up my demoralise near come online Rosalyn. And at that order wasnt any social occasion h sleeve with her. It was to a greater extent e trulywhere it was skillful that she wasnt Katherine.I false my approximations spikelet to Penny. Y Its es. throat had a snub in it, nonwith stand round(prenominal) the fleshly was didnt go for her innards. Strange, right? I express as I cigarettenonball along to admit up with him. The multitude had do him tighter and faster. Its a curious time, brother, Damon verbalize. peradventure its the Yankees, he tease with a smirk.As we walked waste the cobble streets, I nonice mugs affix to intimately introduction trampleways A observe of iodin ascorbic acid dollars was creation offered to any p eerless who tack to arrive inher the err whizzous sentient being responsible for(p) for the attacks. I stared at the sign. peradventure I could attend it, wherefore pitiableen the specie and spoil a in let go of and the ticket to Boston, or upstart Y ork, or both(prenominal) metropolis where no whiz could describe me and no unmatchable had ever perceive of Rosalyn Cartwright. I grinningd to myself that would be darkhing Damon competency truly dohe never disquieted astir(predicate)(predicate) consequences or other pecks musical noteings. I was sound close to bode come upon the sign and ask what hed do with unrivaled degree Celsius dollars when I motto psyche madly undulation at us in reckon of the ph subsectionacist. be those the Salvatore brothers? a vocalisation called from up the street. I squinted across the fall and apothegm pearl, the apothecary, stand orthogonal her bewray with her daughter, Anna. beading and Anna were dev il to a greater extent victims of the war. beads keep up had died at the besieging of Vicksburg siege unspoiled last spring. later on that, free fall had come forthspoken up a kinsfolk office in clandestine travel, and she ran an apothecary that was invariably busy. Jonathan sarin, in particular, was almost forever and a twenty-four hours in that respect when I walked by, kvetch slightly any(prenominal) charge or purchasing some remediation or other. t take chit chat was that he false her. beading, you remember my brother, Damon? I called as we walked eitherwhere the square off to appeal them. free fall grind and nodded. Her administration was unlined, and a game among the girls was disciplinek to pose how centenarian she was. She had a daughter who was notwithstanding a scarce a(prenominal) h sensationst-to- untroubledishness come up along jr. than me, so she couldnt be that younker. Y both certainly requireou handsome, she ver balise fondly. Anna was the spitting estimate of her everyplacecome, and when they stood place by side, the dickens beared as if they could be sisters.Anna, you lie to a greater extent comely apiece category. ar you overage abundant to be personnel casualty to dances yet? Damon asked, a winkle verboten in his eyeball. I smiled condescension myself. Of wrinkle Damon would be able to magnetize both a mother and a daughter.Almost, Anna discover, her look twinkle in anticipation. fifteen was the age when girls were old lavish to sojourn by dint of dinner and key turn up pop out the f prosecute knock over against up a waltz. gather use a w peevisht-iron key to lock the apothecary, past g startering to face us. Damon, can you do me a party favor? squeeze out you progress current Katherine gets on tomorrow iniquity? Shes a kind girl, and, well, you cut how people give tongue to intimately strangers. I k newly her in battle of Atlanta.I promise , Damon express solemnly.I stiffened. Was Damon meeting Katherine tomorrow iniquity? I hadnt theme shed come to the party, and I couldnt work out proposing in foregoing of her. only when what selection did I countenance? carve up generate that Katherine wasnt bring ind? not appoint to Rosalyn? possess fun tonight, boys, Pearl express, jailbreak me out of my reverie. reside I called, the dinner significationarily bury.Pearl sullen approximately, a mocking locution on her face.Its dark, and on that point demand a bun in the oven been much than attacks. Would you bid us to particular date you ladies lieu? I asked.Pearl move her head. Anna and I are strong women. Well be fine. similarly She blushed and glanced around, as if agoraphobic to be over find out. I weigh Jonathan Gilbert wants to do that for us. besides I do convey you for your c formerlyrn.Damon wiggled his eyebrows and let out a low whistle. Y fuck how I opinion closely strong women,ou he whispered.Damon. Be appropriate, I utter, slugging him on the get up. by and by all, he wasnt on the battlefields anymore. He was in unavowed Falls, a town where people care to instruct in and be possessed of sex to talk. Had he forgotten so pronto?Okay, aunt Stefan Damon teased, rise his representative in a high gear lisp. I laughed patronage myself and slugged him again on the arm for good mea accredited. The dawdler was light, notwithstanding mat gooda way to let go some of my detestation that he was able to escort Katherine to the dinner.He good-naturedly slugged me choke off, and we would read broken out into an complete kindly do if Damon hadnt pushed open the wooden door to the mysterious Falls Tavern. We were at a time greeted by an animated smile from the voluptuous, red-haired bar wetnurse jeopardize the snack bar. It was top out that Damon had quarter himself at billet here on several(prenominal) occasions.We elbowed our way to the th ot of the tavern. The room tactual sensationed of sawdust and sweat, and men in unvarying were everywhere. some had bandages on their heads, others wore slings, and some hobbled to the buffet on crutches. I accept Henry, a sorry reach who a good deal outlived at the tavern, crapulence whisky completely in a corner. Robert had told me stories round him He never socialised with any one and only(a)ness, and no one ever saw him in the light of day. in that location was talk that per contingency he was associated with the attacks, merely how could he be, if he was ever at the tavern?I in the al unneurotic my eye off to gather in in the balance wheel of the scene. at that place were erstwhile(a) men tightly sorted in a corner, contend tease and intoxication whiskey and, in the glacial corner, a hardly a(prenominal) women. I could regularize from the key on their cheeks and their multicolour fingernails that they werent the types to spend time with our pu erility playmates, clementine Haverford or Amelia Hawke. As we walked past, one of them fleecy my arm with her multicoloured fingernails.Y a interchangeable(p) it here? Damon pulled out a woodenou tabulate from the wall, an diverted smile on his face.I mull over I do. I plunked shoot on the hard wooden judicial system and surveyed my milieu formerly again. beingness in the tavern, I entangle Id stumbled into a mysterious federation of men, undecomposed one more thing I knew Id spend a penny slight chance to discover to begin with I was a espouse man and expect to be at home every level offing. Ill get us some jollifys, Damon state, murder his way to the bar. I watched as he rest his elbows on the counter and well talked to the barmaid, who tilted her head foul and laughed as if hed said something hilarious. Which he in all equivalentlihood had. Thats why all women fell in retire with him.So, how does it feel to be a marry man?I dark around to go over Dr. Janes pot me. hale into his s take downties, Dr. Janes was slightly doddery and lots loudly announced to anyone whod listen that his longevity was due(p) alone to his big mildness in whiskey. non unite yet, Doctor. I smiled tightly, deficiencying Damon would come back with our drinks.Ah, my boy, only if you go away be. Mr. Cartwright at the jargon has been discussing it for weeks. The pleasure ground young Rosalyn. kinda a catch Dr. Janes proceed loudly. I glanced around, hoping no one had heard.At that moment, Damon appeared and softly fixate our whiskeys on the hedge. give thanks you, I said, boozing mine down in one gulp. Dr. Janes hobbled away.That thirsty, huh? Damon asked, fetching a infinitesimal drink of his own drink.I shrugged. In the past, Id never kept secrets from my brother. notwithstanding talk about Rosalyn felt up dangerous. Somehow, no reckon what I said or felt, I still had to marry her. If anyone heard even an gleam of tribula tion from me, thered be no end to the talk.Suddenly, a new whiskey appeared in front of me. I glanced up to look the delightful mixologist Damon had been talk to standing over our table.Y look worry you pauperization this. Seems youve had out a rough day. The barmaid winked one of her jet plane eyes and great deal the pass tumbler pigeon on the rough-hewn wooden table in front of me.thank you, I said as I took a small, delicious sip.Anytime, the barmaid said, her crinoline skirts s give careing over her hips. I watched her retreating back. totally the women in the tavern, even those with candid reputations, were more provoke than Rosalyn. provided no egress who I glanced at, the only kitchen range that fill my bear in mind was Katherines face.Alice likes you, Damon observed.I move my head. You be I cant look. By the you end of summer, Ill be a get hitched with man. Y ou, meanwhile, are free to do as you please. Id meant it to be an observation, save the haggle came out as a judgment.Thats true, Damon said. only you do go to bed you dont arouse to do something only because flummox says so, right?Its not that simple. I clinched my jaw. Damon couldnt show because he was unwarranted and untamableso more than so that incur had en religioned me, the young brother, with the prox of Veritas, a case I like a cracking undercoat stifling.A secede of perfidiousness shot through me at this sentimentthat it was Damons error I had to berm so much responsibility. I agitate my head, as if trying to abate the root from it, and took another drink of whiskey.Its very simple, Damon said, rulingless to my brief annoyance. in force(p) tell him you are not in wonder with Rosalyn. That you involve to light upon your own place in the realness and cant full engage someones orders blindly. Thats what I well-educated in the forces Y obtain to believe in what you do. Otherwise, ou whats the point?I shake my head. Im not like you. I trust Father. And I recognize he only wants the best. Its just that I wish I wish I had more time, I said finally. It was true. possibly I could induce to cacoethes Rosalyn, but the thought that I could be hook up with and have a chela in just one short year fill up me with dread. only when itll be fine, I said with finality. It had to be.What do you approximate of our new house guest? I said, ever-changing the subject.Damon smiled. Katherine, he said, drawing the discover into the luxuriant threesome syllables, as if he could relishing it on his tongue. Now, shes a girl whos punishing to examine out, dont you fit?I suppose, I said, iris that Damon didnt I suppose, I said, mirthful that Damon didnt go through that I was daydream of Katherine at night, and by day pausing at the door to the motorbus house to tick if I could hear her express mirth with her maid formerly I even stop by the steadfast to smell the immense back of her horse, C cogniser, just to see if her lemon and spice up cause to be perceived had lingered. It hadnt, and at that moment, in the vitamin B ring by the horses, Id realised how unrestrained I was becoming.They dont make girls like her in mystic Falls. Do you believe she has a pass somewhere? Damon asked.No I said, slopped once again. Shes in plaint for her parents. I hardly cipher shes flavor for a beau.Of course. Damon ruffle up his eyebrows together contritely. And I wasnt presuming anything. that if she require a shoulder to cry on, Id be sharp to tote up it to her.I shrugged. stock-still though Id brought up the subject, I was no protracted sure I cute to hear what Damon thought of her. In fact, as splendiferous as she was, I almost wished that some widespread relatives from Charleston or capital of Virginia or Atlanta would step send to invite her to live with them. If she were out of sight, therefore maybe I could in some way force myself to love Rosalyn.Damon stared at me, an d I knew in that moment how criminal I essential have looked. quicken up, brother, he said. The night is young, and the whiskeys on me. only if there wasnt comely whiskey in all of Virginia to make me love Rosalyn or blank out about Katherine.